In addition to our other problems, we must also contend with transmission (with attenuation), reflection, refraction, diffraction, absorption, and scattering. In addition to our other problems, we ...

Refraction close refractionProcess by which a wave changes speed and sometimes direction upon entering a denser or less dense medium, eg a light ray changes direction when refracted by a lens. of ...

Diffraction occurs when a wave encounters an obstruction in its path and will change direction, or wrap around it. In ocean waves, we see this occur when a wave encounters an object like a jetty and ...

In conventional optical components, such as lenses or gratings, the propagation of light is usually manipulated by reflection, refraction or diffraction. For example, a wavefront can be modified using ...

Exploiting a novel technique called phase discontinuity, researchers have induced light rays to behave in a way that defies the centuries-old laws of reflection and refraction. The discovery has led ...